Test bank Understanding Pharmacology: Essentials for Medication Safety 2nd Edition Workman

6. Which term describes how the body affects drug activity?

1. Drug potency
2. Pharmacodynamics
3. Therapeutic effect
4. Pharmacokinetics

ANS: DThe term pharmacokinetics refers to drug metabolism and how the body changes a drug. Pharmacodynamics refers to how a drug works to change body function. Drug potency refers to how strongly or to what degree a drug exerts its effects. The therapeutic effect is closer to pharmacodynamics, meaning how a drug works to change body function.DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 107. In the United States, which group is responsible for enforcing established standards for drug manufacturing?

1. U.S. Pharmacopeia
2. National Institutes of Health
3. Food and Drug Administration
4. Association of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers

ANS: CThe standards for drug manufacture are established by the U.S. Pharmacopeia. These standards are enforced by the Food and Drug Administration. Neither the National Institutes of Health nor the Association of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers has any authority to enforce drug standards.DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 5

8. Which factor is a major disadvantage of the transdermal drug delivery route?

1. Only a prescriber can administer drugs by the transdermal route.
2. Transdermal drugs must be sterile rather than clean.
3. First pass drug loss by this route is the most extensive.
4. Drug absorption is dependent on adequate circulation.

ANS: DOnce a transdermal drug moves through the skin, it must enter the bloodstream to reach its target tissue. If circulation is poor to the area where the transdermal drug is applied, very little, if any, of the drug will reach its target tissue.DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 129. How are intrinsic drugs different from extrinsic drugs?

1. Intrinsic drugs are made by the body, whereas extrinsic drugs are made outside the body.
2. Intrinsic drugs are administered by the parenteral route, whereas extrinsic drugs are administered by the oral route.
3. Extrinsic drugs can only be applied to the skin or mucous membranes, whereas intrinsic drugs are taken internally.
4. Extrinsic drugs require a prescription for administration, whereas intrinsic drugs are available over-the-counter.

ANS: AIntrinsic drugs are the hormones, enzymes, and other chemicals made by the body that change cell activity. Extrinsic drugs are manufactured from chemical, animal, or plant sources and must have a means of entering the body in order to change cell activity.DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 310. A patient asks why his drug to control high blood pressure has only one generic name and two different trade names. What is your best response?

1. “Most drugs have different trade names that indicate different dosages.”
2. “The two different trade names indicate that one is a more pure and safer drug than the other.”
3. “The generic name is the actual official drug name and the trade name is a brand owned by a specific manufacturer.”
4. “If you have insurance, you can get the trade name drug, which is usually more expensive than the generic named drug.”

ANS: CThe generic name is the name assigned to the drug by the U.S. Adopted Names Council and is not owned by anyone. The trade name (brand name) is the name provided and owned by a specific drug manufacturer. More than one manufacturer can make and sell the same drug at the same time under a different trade name. Regardless of trade name, all drugs that have the same generic name must be alike in their chemical composition and strength.DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying or Higher REF: pp. 3-411. How are the terms drug and medication different in the health care environment?

1. Medications must be prescribed, whereas drugs are available over-the-counter.
2. Medications are used to treat health problems, whereas drugs can be misused.
3. Drugs are always illegal, whereas medications are legal.
4. There is no difference between these two terms.

ANS: DAlthough the lay public may think there is a distinction between these two terms, in health care they mean the same thing. Both are used to treat health problems and both can be misused.DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 2