Test Bank For Principles and Labs for Fitness and Wellness 12th Edition By Hoeger

Test Bank For Principles and Labs for Fitness and Wellness 12th Edition By Hoeger

Chapter 8 – Muscular Flexibility

Chapter Learning Objectives

1. Explain the importance of muscular flexibility to adequate fitness.
2. Identify the factors that affect muscular flexibility.
3. Explain the health-fitness benefits of stretching.
4. Become familiar with a battery of tests to assess overall body flexibility (Modified Sit-and-Reach Test, Total Body Rotation Test, Shoulder Rotation Test).
5. Be able to interpret flexibility test results according to health-fitness and physical-fitness standards.
6. Learn the principles that govern the development of muscular flexibility.
7. List some exercises that may cause injury.
8. Become familiar with a program for preventing and rehabilitating low-back pain.
9. Create your own personal flexibility profile.

True/False

LO#   An.    Question

1       F       1.   Too much flexibility is a risk factor for falls and subsequent injury among older adults.

2       T       2.   Flexibility is joint specific and varies from one individual to the next.

2       F       3.   Flexibility is usually greater in those with more body fat.

2       F       4.   Elastic elongation can occur in joint capsules, ligaments, and tendons.

4       T       5.   The Modified Sit-and-Reach Test accounts for arm versus leg length differences.

4       T       6.   Posture tests are best conducted in early life.

6       F       7.   Controlled ballistic stretching is not recommended.

6       T       8.   PNF stretching is thought to be more painful than other static techniques.

6       F       9.   The intensity of a flexibility stretch should exceed the point of mild discomfort.

8       T       10. The most common reason for chronic low-back pain is a lack of physical activity.

Multiple Choice

LO#   An.    Question

1       b       11.  The range of motion at a joint or group of joints that can be achieved without causing injury is known as:

1. stretching.
2. flexibility.
3. elongation.
4. elasticity.

1       b       12.  When joints are regularly moved through their entire range of motion:

1. flexibility decreases.
2. flexibility increases.
3. muscles shorten.
4. ligaments shorten.

1       a       13.  Running regularly without proper stretching:

1. causes muscles to tighten.
2. increases muscular flexibility.
3. causes plastic elongation.
4. causes elastic elongation.

1       a       14.  Poor posture and subsequent aches and pains that lead to limited and painful joint movement can be caused by:

1. a decline in flexibility.
2. an increase in coordination.
3. lack of adipose tissues.
4. too-strong muscles.

1       d       15.  Approximately _____ percent of all low-back problems in the United States stem from improper alignment of the vertebral column and pelvic girdle, a direct result of inflexible and weak muscles.

1. 20
2. 40
3. 60
4. 80

2       d       16.  Which of the following affects flexibility?

1. bone structure
2. muscle structure
3. overall height
4. genetic factors

2       b       17.  Permanent lengthening of soft tissue is called:

1. elastic elongation.
2. plastic elongation.
3. plastic flexibility.
4. plastic stretching.

2       a       18.  Temporary lengthening of soft tissue is called:

1. elastic elongation.
2. plastic elongation.
3. plastic flexibility.
4. plastic stretching.

2       d       19.  Changes in muscle temperature can _____ flexibility.

1. only increase
2. only decrease
3. neither increase nor decrease
4. increase or decrease

2       b       20.  The most significant contributor(s) to lower flexibility is (are):

1. age and sex.
2. sedentary living.
3. muscle temperature.
4. excess adipose tissue.

3       b       21.  Good flexibility has been shown to:

1. induce low-back pain.
2. improve personal appearance.
3. increase muscle soreness.
4. improve body composition.

3       c       22.  Stretching routines have been found to reduce:

1. the risk of heart disease.
2. blood glucose level.
3. psychological stress.
4. blood LDL cholesterol.

3       c       23.  Stretching exercises are helpful for:

1. improving muscular endurance.
2. increasing muscular strength.
3. maintaining body mobility.
4. enhancing body composition.

3       b       24.  Decreased flexibility causes older adults to:

1. have a higher level of functional capacity.
2. lose mobility for simple daily tasks.
3. switch lanes and parallel-park better.
4. have a reduced risk for automobile accidents.

3       b       25.  Flexibility exercises have been prescribed successfully to treat all of the following EXCEPT:

1. stress.
2. subluxation.
3. knots in muscles.
4. dysmenorrhea.

3       c       26.  Taking part in a regular stretching program offers all of the following benefits EXCEPT that it:

1. promotes proper and graceful body movement.
2. prevents low-back and other spinal column problems.
3. increases muscular strength and endurance.
4. improves and maintains good postural alignment.

4       d       27.  The Modified Sit-and-Reach Test:

1. modifies the test results for those with longer arms as compared to legs.
2. underestimates flexibility for those with longer arms as compared to legs.
3. underestimates flexibility for those with shorter legs as compared to arms.
4. considers arm and leg lengths in determining the flexibility measurement.

4       c       28.  Which of the following tests measures the flexibility of the hamstring muscle and, to a lesser extent, the lower back muscles?

1. Total Body Rotation
2. Shoulder Rotation
3. Sit-and-Reach
4. Repetition Maximum

4       a       29.  All other factors being equal, an individual with longer arms or shorter legs, or both, receives a better rating from the _____ Test.

1. original Sit-and-Reach
2. Modified Sit-and-Reach
3. Total Body Rotation
4. Shoulder Rotation

4       c       30.  The reason that the Front-to-Rear Splits Test and the Bridge-Up Test are not included to determine one’s flexibility profile is that:

1. they do not consider an individual with long arms and/or shorter legs, or both.
2. everyday movements, such as reaching, bending, and turning, are not important.
3. they do not represent actions that most people encounter in their daily life.
4. they only measure the hamstring muscles and the lower back muscles.