Test Bank For ORGB4 4th Edition by Debra L. Nelson

Test Bank For ORGB4 4th Edition by Debra L. Nelson

1. In context of the work environment, learning:
a. takes place through formal training programs.
b. is primarily the cognitive activity of acquiring knowledge. c. is ad hoc and accidental.
d. is primarily a change in behavior acquired through experience.

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

2. The behaviorist approach to learning assumes that observable behavior is a function of:
a. both the person and the environment. b. external cues.
c. its consequences.
d. the interaction between the affect and cognitive components of an individual.

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

3. In the animal learning research by Pavlov, the sound of the bell was the:
a. conditioned response.
b. unconditioned response. c. conditioned stimulus.
d. unconditioned stimulus.

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

4. Which of the following is NOT a limitation of classical conditioning?
a. Humans are more complex and less amenable to simple cause-and-effect conditioning.
b. Behavioral environments in organizations are complex and not very amenable to single stimulus-response manipulations.
c. Unconditioned responses and unconditioned stimulus have not been connected in humans. d. Complex human decision making makes it possible to override simple conditioning.

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

5. The process of modifying behavior so that a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and elicits an unconditioned response is known as:
a. operant conditioning. b. classical conditioning. c. reinforcement.
d. learning.

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

6. A person working at a computer terminal may get lower back tension as a result of poor posture. If the person becomes aware of that tension only when the manager enters the work area, then the person may develop lower back tension as a response to the appearance of the manager. This scenario would be an example of:
a. operant conditioning. b. classical conditioning. c. paired reinforcement. d. behavior modification.

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Application

7. A form of operant conditioning that has been used successfully to shape organizational behavior is known as:
a. job enrichment.
b. organizational behavior development. c. employee empowerment.
d. organizational behavior modification.

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

8. Which of the following is a form of operant conditioning?
a. Expectancy theory
b. The expectation-performance-reward-satisfaction chain
c. The attempt by a supervisor to satisfy higher order needs of employees through participation d. Organizational behavior modification

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

9. The process of modifying behavior through the use of positive or negative consequences following specific behaviors is known as .
a. classical conditioning b. Pavlovian conditioning
c. Skinner’s Integrated Model of conditioning
d. operant conditioning

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

10. Reinforcement and punishment represent:
a. the extinction method used to encourage a behavior. b. the positive and negative consequences of behavior. c. task-specific self-efficacy.
d. the strategy of withholding a positive consequence.

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

11. A manager who reduces an employee’s pay if the employee comes to work late and refrains from doing so when the employee is on time has:
a. positively reinforced the employee’s on-time behavior. b. negatively reinforced the employee’s on-time behavior. c. utilized extinction to reduce the undesirable behavior.
d. None of these

ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Application

12. An employee does not respond to the sarcastic comments of a coworker but compliments him for constructive comments. Which of the following statements is true of this scenario?
a. The colleague is using extinction and negative reinforcement. b. The colleague is using positive and negative consequences.
c. The colleague is using only positive consequences.
d. The colleague is using extinction and positive reinforcement.

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Application

13. As a supervisor you decide to use positive reinforcement to increase the probability that desired job performance will be repeated. All of the following are appropriate as positive reinforcement except:
a. salary increase after evaluation.
b. promotion after several outstanding performance reviews. c. releasing employee to go home early but providing full pay.
d. no response or feedback when employee fails to complete task on time.

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Application

14. The schedule of reinforcement that produces an uneven response pattern varying from a very slow, unenergetic response immediately following reinforcement to a very fast, vigorous response immediately preceding reinforcement is known as .
a. fixed ratio
b. variable ratio c. fixed interval
d. variable interval

ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

15. A non-response approach that weakens a behavior is known as . a. punishment
b. negative reinforcement
c. intermittent reinforcement d. extinction

ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ORGB.NELS.15.06.01
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States – Ohio – DISC: Leadership Principles
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge